Machine with rotary and self-controlling cylinders



W. A. '(3. BLANKENBURG.

MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SELF CONTROLLING CYL|NDERS.

APPLICATION IL'ILED JULY 2.1914-4 Patented Jan. 20, 1920.

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/l/llllln, l [fill/1114 W. A. C. BLANKENBURG. MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SELF CONTROLLING CYLINDERS.

APPLICATION F'IVLED JULY 2.1914.

Patented Jan. 20, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1920.v y SHEET 3.

W. A. C. BLANKENBURG.

.MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SELF CONTROLLING CYLINDERS.

APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2. |914.

Patented Jan. 20,

5 SHEETS l Il W. A. C. BLANKENBURG.

MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SELF CONTROLLING CYLINDERS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2.1914.

1,328,261. Patented Jan. 20,1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Ail'f W. A. C. BLANKENBURG.

MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SELF CONTROLLING CYLINDEBS.

A APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2.19m.

1,328,26 1 l i Patented Jan. 20, 1920. v

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

shape.

UMTED STATES vWILHFLM ALBERT CARL'BLANKENBURG, or AMSTERDAM/NETHERLANDS."

MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SELF-CONTROLLING CYLINDERS.

To allwhom t may concern:

Be it. known that I, WILHELM ALBERT CARL BLANKNBURG, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands, and resident of Nieuwe Looierstraat 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands, have invented\- new and( useful Machines with Rotary and Self- Controlling Cylinders, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to machines with rotary and self-controlling cylinders. The individual cylinders are preferably disposed within a-common casing'. The essential feature of the present invention consists in the special construction of the abutment, on which the revolving cylinders slide with their controlling surfaces. The cylinders aregenerally vaulted within at their upper end 'n form of a hemisphere. It is known tgnyiake with such cylinders the two bearing rfaces likewise of'a hemispherical present invention, consists in that these bearing surfaces have the shape of an inverted cone. Thereby a wide space isobtained lbetween the inside of the cylinder end and the bearingl surface, which maybe utilized for improving the coolingand'also' the admis- `sion and the discharge of the cooling'medium. A further feature of lthe lpresent invention consists in that a. second passage is provided opposite to the passage in the top end of the cylinder controlling the admission and the exhaust, so that the cylinder is fully counterbalanced. A further improvement of the rotary valve cylinder consists in that the cylinder head, which in this case 41s completely separate from the casing, is)

provided with a ring-shaped bearing which is bolted tothe cylinder head and carries the cylinder. It is thereby rendered possible to pack the cylinder sor` that it may turn easily, while the cylinder is still outside of the engine and has not yet been assembled. This allows of a very convenient assembling. In this case, indeed, the controlling passages must form the communication l andtake up all stressesoccurring. It also;

caused .some difliculty vin introducing the sparking plug, as a packing was there required. The arrangement maybe therefore so modified, that the-upper end bf the cylinder is not made in form of a-closed vault,

but left open at the top, a circular piece beby a hollow shaft 3 Q ing cut out from the top of the vault. ToV

I specica'tion of Letters Patent.

The characteristic feature of they this circular opening connects a tube, whichr v 1s constri'cted in a neck-like fashion, on

which tube finally the valve faceeXtending in shape ofy a funnel toward the outside is secured. The passages for the gases are disposed ;laterally to the cohstricted neck. 60

I 'nto this neck engages .aV suitable plugshaped lug cast in one. piece lwith the stationary y'abutment lid, so that its lower surface completes the interrupted curvature of the vault in the cylinder head. This plug# shaped lug contains coolin spaces and the sparking plug \and' is pac ed at the sides against the neck of the` cylinder. The great advantage of this arrangement consists in that the valve face isdiscontinued at thoseN7-0 i points, where the greatest friction is caused, namely 1n the center, wh1ch besides 1s use.

less for the control. Furthermore a solid and secure connection between the valve face view of the packing surfacel of the revolving cylinder. Fig. 3 is a bottom'view o f the corresponding surface of the cylinder head,

Fig. 4 is another embodiment, shown partly.

in section. Fig. 5 is a'bottom'view of the joint cylinder head. Fig. 6 is a top view fof 85 the packing surface of one cylinder. Figs. 7, 8, 9 illustrate a third embodiment of the present invention seen from 4in front, partly 1 n section, from the side in section on the line j A-A and B--B respectively, in Fig. 7. 90

Fig 10 and 1 1 show the packing ring of,y

the revolving cylinder `in side view and sec- A tion respectively. Fig. l12! illustrates the special arrangementof the cylinder head in Fig. li`s atop section seen from one side. view of the valve face. vFig. 14 1s the casting of the cylinder removed.

The first embodiment 1s illustrated in' Fig.v 1. The closed end lof the cyllnder 1 is made on the inside of a hemi-spherical 100 shape. The bearing surfaces 2 and 2a however are vof a conical shape, which is so disposed that the'point'of`the cone is inclinedftoward-the apex of the cavity of the cylinder. 'This center of the bearing sur- -105 faces is, in the present embodiment, formed f which is guided in a sleeve-like lextension fl of the Jcylinder head- Patented Jan. 2o, 1920. l Application led July 2, 1914. Serial No. 848,626. i i Y 4 and runs at'the upper end in a ball bearing. This hollow shaft-may serve to receive the sparking plug 5. This affords the advantage, that the ignition occurs'at themost' favorable point and that there is no danger (of the sparking plug being soiled with oil. Th controlling faces are madeas follows: In the double" head of the,l cylinder a passage 6 is provided, which has -thel secj haust duct 8- for the exhaustv gases and the opening 9 for a second sparking plug or they compression cock. It is thus obvious that when the cylinder revolves it will in lsuccession bring its passage 6 into register with one of vthe openings 7,- 9, and 8 and thereby, in succession bring the cylinder chamber into communication-withthe gas I l supply, the ignition and the exhaust pipe.

A suitable oil-supply is provided at the center of' the cylinder-head journal.

The cylinders are revolved by the driving gear which transmits the 'movement ofthe piston to the main shaft. This transmission is performed \for the purpose of obtain-ing a four-cycle7 or for running the en'- gine on the four-cycle principle at half speed by the toothed flange 10. An adjustable ball bearing bears from below against the toothed flange 10 and holds the cylinder pressed against its journal in the cylinder head during the suction period, whereas .duringthe other three strokes the cylinder is automatically pressed down on its journal. Between the cylinder and the casing) a packinll'is provided. l,

he outside of the cylinder and the top side of the cylinder head are closely4 covered with radiator webs 12 lwhich also fill up the whole space between the vaulted cylinder head and the bearing surface.

A second jembodiment is illustrated in` Figs. 4-6. Here thev arrangement of .sev-r eral cylinders within one jointcasing is shown.

In Fign4 four cylinders are disposed next to each other 'in a joint casing.A The closed ends 18 ofthe cylinders are also here of a hemi-spherical shape on the insides and have passages 6. The upper endv of the top of each of the'cylinders isl provided with a bearing surface having the shape of -a hollowI cone 4, the point of which lies in theV rentral'axis of andfis inclinedy toward the cylinder chamber.l For all four cylinders a common abutment part 14 is provided, in which the admission passages 7 and the eX- 'fitted intothe joint casing.

- haust passages '8 are disposed. vThis abutment part is made with a corresponding conical bearing surface. The space between a the inner side of the cylinder head and the conical surf-ace is closely covered with radiator webs, the same as also the-whole outside of the cylinder is covered with such webs. Also the outside of the abutment part may be provided with radiator webs. With this embodiment the arrangement is such, that instead of one passage 6 in the cylinder head two such passages are symmetrically arranged to the central axis. This affords the advantage of preventing the cylinder from heating on one side. Owing to the arrangement. of these two passages, furthermore, the speed of the cylinder is re duced to one quarter ofthe speed of the crank shaft, so that in consequence of. the lower speed of the cylinder the tendency toward heating is reduced. n 1 The cylinders 1 are journaled in the following manner in the' engine casing. VBetween the two bearings 15 and 16 is arranged the toothed langel?. The bearing 16 is 90` threaded and adjustable. It bears with its upper surface aginst the flange 18I and holds the two conical bearing surfaces at the top pressedA against each other. The cylinders are dr-iven from the crank shaft 19 in such 95 a manner, that a, pair of bevel gears 26 ro-l tates an auxiliary controlling shaft, which by `means of its pinion 21 drives the toothed flanges 17 ofthe cylinders (Fig. 4). The crankshaft drives the piston ro s 22 The 100 casting 14 is supported by six vertical brackets 23, which terminate at the top in a continuous flange 24." The cylinders .are covered all around with webs 12. f The third embodiment is illustrated in 105 Figs. 7 to 11. With this embodiment a ring 25y is provided, which is secured to the cylinder head and engages overthe flange of 'the face 2 at ,the top end of the cylinder in such a man` 110 ner, f that the cylinder can revolve f reely therein. In this/embodiment each cylinder .has a separate head 14214", 14, 14d, with whichz' it may ibe assembled beore it. is

The arrangement of the cylinders according to this embodiment is chiefly intended for long stroke engines, in which the ratio between bore and. stroke is at the least 1 2.

For this purpose the cylinder is transversely divided, so that not thewhole, but only a .part of the cylinder, namely that part in which thecumbustion takes place, revolves while the other part remains stationary and is, in known manuel', provided with an out- 125 Wardly flaring lower end for allowing a free play of the connecting rod. The revolving part of the cylinder is, in consequencefof such arrangement, very light, and

this part is very uniformly heated. This revolving part of the cylinder is journaled in the stationary part. l".

' tovemploy. a special journal for the revolving part. The lubrication of the cylinder wallsand of the journals is in close relation and may be eHected in such a manner, that the surplus oil from the cylinder `wall passes through passages in the revolving cylinder .and thenjlubricates the cylinder journal.

dThe driving wheel is journaled either ina plain or a ball bearing in Vsuch a manner7 that I 'l the wheel 26 fits with a recess-on a rest 27 in the Stationary cylinder part 1b.

watertight joint between the revolving cyl- .inder andthe stationary water jacket is obtained by the provision rof a packing 28 and 29 at thje top and bottom respectively, bei

tween which a meta1lic'ring'30 is disposed,

which is provided with grooves and water holes. If, therefore, the upperv packing should'llety water pass through, it will be received by .the ring 30 and may be let ofl'l by means of the tap 31,'the lower packingmpre- Venting lsuch water penetrating into the engine casmg.- The tap 31 therefore serves to control the packings from outside Whether l they are watertight or not and .may be used to drain o E any water which happens to leak into thepacking. The spring 32 isdisposed in such`| a manner, that it is not, as usual, outside of the water chamber, but within the latter. It is made of round or flat bronze Wire, sothat it will resist the action of the water. --Its 4eect is such that it presses to'- gether the bearing surfaces of the cylinder valve with the one end, and with the other end holds the metallic packings tightly pressed containing the together. If the spring is made of fiat wire, it will besides essentially promote the Vcirculation of the water in accordance with-the Awell known action'of liquids. The cylinders vare driven in the following manner: sprocket. 33 drives the sprocket 34 of even.

The

diameter on the controlling shaft at the same speed as the crankshaft. The 'controlling shaft'drives the cylinders by meansof worm gears 35 at a rate of 1:4. `The cylinders tthusv revolve at one quarter of the speed of the crank shaft. The engine is assembled in the following manner: The `cyl,

inder head 14:a is bolted to the ring '25, so

, that the cylinder 1a can revolve freely. Then `the cylinder part 1b is fitted into the casing 36. On the'part 1b is placed the wheel26 fitting on the rest 27. Then the water jacket 37, Eackings 28. and 29 is placed in position and lted to .casing 36. Now the spring is laid around the part la and 'these parts are let into the water jacket 37.

The part 1a has lugs, which engage-the. cylinder with the wheel and there y revolve it. After the cylinder has been fitted the head lila is bolted to the` water jacket-and the en#h gine -is ready `for working. f In Fig. 7, I

show in dotted'lines how acylinder with its It is superfluous1 vThe attached head may be vertically removed from or placed in position in the waterjacket 37.-

In the'embodiment according to Figs. 11

13 the upper vault 13.is cut away in the center in a circular fashion. This opening is extended in form of a constricted neck 38, the upper end of which carries the funnelshaped valve'face 2. j The passages 6a and 6b opening in this 4face -extend downward at both sides of the neck until they enter 'into the engine cylinder. The bearing faite of the valve seat is mounted revolubly against an abutment Ylid 14;, which is rigidly secured to the casing 37. It-contains extensions 7, 7b!

of the passages 6a, 6b and besides a number -l of cooling water chambers39. It also carries the conical abutment surfaces 2b 'on' which the valve face is guided. Accordmg y '85.

to the present invention this lid has a concentric casting 40, which in form of a plug extends downward into theneck 38and is fitted well into the latter. lThe joint between theset-wo parts may, for example, be sealed by means of an elastic piston ring 41.

The lower end ofthe plug has a spherical.

recess, so that it completes the cutaway hemi-sphere of the top end of the cylinder. I

At a suitable place, -preferablyin the center of the plu the sparking plug 5 1s d1sposed. The lu ricating of the joint ,surface between the'plug casting 40 of the lid and stricted tube-shaped collar having itsvouter surface formed with a valve-face and one or more ports opening lupon said valve-face, a valve-seat having a' plug-like projection fittingsaid circular Nopening of the cylinder end and serving to complete the head of' saidfcylinder.

`2. In a combustion engine of the class described, a revolvingand self-controlling c yl-` inder having one end closed with its .interior vaulted with a central circular opening and provided with a depressed annularl valveface and Vone or moreports openmg upon 4said valve-face, a funnel-shaped valve seat having a central `constricted neck tting the circular opening in the end of said cylinder,

l cylinder.

3. In a combustlon engme of the class dethe end of said neckhaving a recess adapted tol complete the rvault of the head of vthe scribed, a revolving and self-controlling cylinder having one end closed and provided upon its Aexterior with lavalve-su'rface, one o1' more ports extending through said end and opening upon said. valve-surface, the said'end of the cylinderv being provided with an external flange, a correspondingly shaped seat for said valve-surface provided with portscoperatingwith said port or ports on thel valve-surface, and a ring-shaped bearing en gaged by the flange on said cylinder.

4:. In a combustion engine of the class described, a revolving and self-controlling cyl- 7opening upon said valve-surface, a corre-- inder having one end closed and provided y upon its exterior with a valve-surface, one or more. ports extending through said end and spondingly shaped -seat for said valve-sur- 'face provlded with ports coperating with said port or ports son the valve surface, a casing and a water-jacket space between said cylinder and casing, packings at the lower end of said cylinder, a xedpart on said cyls'cribed, a revolving and self-controlling cy1.

inder, and a spring interposed between said fixed part on the cylinder and' said packings, whereby the spring acts to keep the cylindervalve pressedto its seat and the packings pressed together.

5. In a combustion engine ofthe class deinder having oney end closed and provided upon its exterior with a valve-surfaceone or more ports extending through saidvend and opening upon said valve-surface, a correspondingly shaped seat for saidv valve-surface provlded with" ports coperating with said port or ports on the valve surface, the

said cylinder belng transversely. divided into t wo sections the lower one of which is stationary while 'the upper one in which th combustion takes place is revolubly journaled on the lower section thereby reducing the weight of the .revoluble part.

6. In a combustion engine of the class described, a revolving and self-controlling cylinder transversely divided into two sections,

the'lower section bein stationary dand the Lipper one in which t e combustion takes place revolubly journaled on the lower see-' tion, and a toothed gear secured to` said revoluble section andjournaled on a fixed part on said lower seotio'n thereby reducing the weight of the. revoluble part. L

-7.- 'In a combustion engine of the class described, a revolving and self-controlling. cylinder having one end closed and `provided yupon its exterior with a valve-surface, one or for collecting and draining the water leaking through the upper packing.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as` my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two witnesses, this twentieth day of June 1914. l

WILHELM ALBERT CARL BLNKENBURG.

Witnessesz,

W. R. ATKINsoN, D. KLEN. 

